P-2+Volocano's

A **volcano** is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface of crust, which allows hot magma, [|volcanic ash] and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where [|tectonic plates] are [|diverging] or [|converging]. A [|mid-oceanic ridge], for example the [|Mid-Atlantic Ridge], has examples of volcanoes caused by [|divergent tectonic plates] pulling apart; the [|Pacific Ring of Fire] has examples of volcanoes caused by [|convergent tectonic plates] coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the [|Earth's crust] (called "non-hotspot intraplate volcanism"), such as in the [|East African Rift], the [|Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field] and the [|Rio Grande Rift] in North America. Volcanoes can be caused by [|mantle plumes]. These so-called [|hotspots], for example at [|Hawaii], can occur far from plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the [|solar system], especially on rocky planets and moons. 2. Bedrock 3. Conduit (pipe) 4. Base 5. Sill 6. Dike 7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano 8. Flank || 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano 10. Throat 11. Parasitic cone 12. Lava flow 13. Vent 14. Crater 15. Ash cloud ||
 * ~ **Cross-section through a [|stratovolcano] (vertical scale is exaggerated)**: ||
 * 1. Large magma chamber